Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.
Identifieur interne : 001463 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 001462; suivant : 001464Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.
Auteurs : Fernanda Coelho De Souza [Oman] ; Kyle G. Dexter [Royaume-Uni] ; Oliver L. Phillips [Royaume-Uni] ; Roel J W. Brienen [Royaume-Uni] ; Jerome Chave [France] ; David R. Galbraith [Royaume-Uni] ; Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez [Royaume-Uni] ; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza [Pérou] ; R Toby Pennington [Royaume-Uni] ; Lourens Poorter [Pays-Bas] ; Miguel Alexiades [Royaume-Uni] ; Esteban Álvarez-Dávila [Colombie] ; Ana Andrade [Brésil] ; Luis E O C. Aragão [Royaume-Uni] ; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami ; Eric J M M. Arets [Pays-Bas] ; Gerardo A. Aymard C [Venezuela] ; Christopher Baraloto [États-Unis] ; Jorcely G. Barroso [Brésil] ; Damien Bonal [France] ; Rene G A. Boot [Pays-Bas] ; José L C. Camargo [Brésil] ; James A. Comiskey [États-Unis] ; Fernando Cornejo Valverde [Pérou] ; Plínio B. De Camargo [Brésil] ; Anthony Di Fiore [États-Unis] ; Fernando Elias [Brésil] ; Terry L. Erwin [États-Unis] ; Ted R. Feldpausch [Royaume-Uni] ; Leandro Ferreira [Brésil] ; Nikolaos M. Fyllas [Royaume-Uni] ; Emanuel Gloor [Royaume-Uni] ; Bruno Herault ; Rafael Herrera [Venezuela] ; Niro Higuchi [Brésil] ; Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado [Pérou] ; Timothy J. Killeen ; William F. Laurance [Australie] ; Susan Laurance [Australie] ; Jon Lloyd [Royaume-Uni] ; Thomas E. Lovejoy [États-Unis] ; Yadvinder Malhi [Royaume-Uni] ; Leandro Maracahipes [Brésil] ; Beatriz S. Marimon [Brésil] ; Ben H. Marimon-Junior [Brésil] ; Casimiro Mendoza ; Paulo Morandi [Brésil] ; David A. Neill [Équateur] ; Percy Nú Ez Vargas [Pérou] ; Edmar A. Oliveira [Brésil] ; Eddie Lenza [Brésil] ; Walter A. Palacios [Équateur] ; Maria C. Pe Uela-Mora [Équateur] ; John J. Pipoly [États-Unis] ; Nigel C A. Pitman [États-Unis] ; Adriana Prieto [Colombie] ; Carlos A. Quesada [Brésil] ; Hirma Ramirez-Angulo [Venezuela] ; Agustin Rudas [Colombie] ; Kalle Ruokolainen [Finlande] ; Rafael P. Salomão [Brésil] ; Marcos Silveira [Brésil] ; Juliana Stropp [Brésil] ; Hans Ter Steege [Pays-Bas] ; Raquel Thomas-Caesar [Guyana] ; Peter Van Der Hout [Pays-Bas] ; Geertje M F. Van Der Heijden [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter J. Van Der Meer [Pays-Bas] ; Rodolfo V. Vasquez [Pérou] ; Simone A. Vieira [Brésil] ; Emilio Vilanova [Venezuela] ; Vincent A. Vos ; Ophelia Wang [États-Unis] ; Kenneth R. Young [États-Unis] ; Roderick J. Zagt [Pays-Bas] ; Timothy R. Baker [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings. Biological sciences [ 1471-2954 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1587
PubMed: 27974517
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Alejandro Araujo-Murakami<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AGTECA - Amazónica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado - regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. 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Aragão</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo Murakami, Alejandro" sort="Araujo Murakami, Alejandro" uniqKey="Araujo Murakami A" first="Alejandro" last="Araujo-Murakami">Alejandro Araujo-Murakami</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arets, Eric J M M" sort="Arets, Eric J M M" uniqKey="Arets E" first="Eric J M M" last="Arets">Eric J M M. Arets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aymard C, Gerardo A" sort="Aymard C, Gerardo A" uniqKey="Aymard C G" first="Gerardo A" last="Aymard C">Gerardo A. Aymard C</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baraloto, Christopher" sort="Baraloto, Christopher" uniqKey="Baraloto C" first="Christopher" last="Baraloto">Christopher Baraloto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Jorcely G" sort="Barroso, Jorcely G" uniqKey="Barroso J" first="Jorcely G" last="Barroso">Jorcely G. Barroso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonal, Damien" sort="Bonal, Damien" uniqKey="Bonal D" first="Damien" last="Bonal">Damien Bonal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boot, Rene G A" sort="Boot, Rene G A" uniqKey="Boot R" first="Rene G A" last="Boot">Rene G A. Boot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Jose L C" sort="Camargo, Jose L C" uniqKey="Camargo J" first="José L C" last="Camargo">José L C. Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comiskey, James A" sort="Comiskey, James A" uniqKey="Comiskey J" first="James A" last="Comiskey">James A. Comiskey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valverde, Fernando Cornejo" sort="Valverde, Fernando Cornejo" uniqKey="Valverde F" first="Fernando Cornejo" last="Valverde">Fernando Cornejo Valverde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Proyecto Castaña, Madre de Dios, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Proyecto Castaña, Madre de Dios</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Camargo, Plinio B" sort="De Camargo, Plinio B" uniqKey="De Camargo P" first="Plínio B" last="De Camargo">Plínio B. De Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Fiore, Anthony" sort="Di Fiore, Anthony" uniqKey="Di Fiore A" first="Anthony" last="Di Fiore">Anthony Di Fiore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elias, Fernando" sort="Elias, Fernando" uniqKey="Elias F" first="Fernando" last="Elias">Fernando Elias</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erwin, Terry L" sort="Erwin, Terry L" uniqKey="Erwin T" first="Terry L" last="Erwin">Terry L. Erwin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feldpausch, Ted R" sort="Feldpausch, Ted R" uniqKey="Feldpausch T" first="Ted R" last="Feldpausch">Ted R. Feldpausch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Leandro" sort="Ferreira, Leandro" uniqKey="Ferreira L" first="Leandro" last="Ferreira">Leandro Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyllas, Nikolaos M" sort="Fyllas, Nikolaos M" uniqKey="Fyllas N" first="Nikolaos M" last="Fyllas">Nikolaos M. Fyllas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloor, Emanuel" sort="Gloor, Emanuel" uniqKey="Gloor E" first="Emanuel" last="Gloor">Emanuel Gloor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herault, Bruno" sort="Herault, Bruno" uniqKey="Herault B" first="Bruno" last="Herault">Bruno Herault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, Rafael" sort="Herrera, Rafael" uniqKey="Herrera R" first="Rafael" last="Herrera">Rafael Herrera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higuchi, Niro" sort="Higuchi, Niro" uniqKey="Higuchi N" first="Niro" last="Higuchi">Niro Higuchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honorio Coronado, Euridice N" sort="Honorio Coronado, Euridice N" uniqKey="Honorio Coronado E" first="Eurídice N" last="Honorio Coronado">Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Apartado 784, Iquitos, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Apartado 784, Iquitos</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Killeen, Timothy J" sort="Killeen, Timothy J" uniqKey="Killeen T" first="Timothy J" last="Killeen">Timothy J. Killeen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AGTECA - Amazónica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laurance, William F" sort="Laurance, William F" uniqKey="Laurance W" first="William F" last="Laurance">William F. Laurance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laurance, Susan" sort="Laurance, Susan" uniqKey="Laurance S" first="Susan" last="Laurance">Susan Laurance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd, Jon" sort="Lloyd, Jon" uniqKey="Lloyd J" first="Jon" last="Lloyd">Jon Lloyd</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lovejoy, Thomas E" sort="Lovejoy, Thomas E" uniqKey="Lovejoy T" first="Thomas E" last="Lovejoy">Thomas E. Lovejoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malhi, Yadvinder" sort="Malhi, Yadvinder" uniqKey="Malhi Y" first="Yadvinder" last="Malhi">Yadvinder Malhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maracahipes, Leandro" sort="Maracahipes, Leandro" uniqKey="Maracahipes L" first="Leandro" last="Maracahipes">Leandro Maracahipes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marimon, Beatriz S" sort="Marimon, Beatriz S" uniqKey="Marimon B" first="Beatriz S" last="Marimon">Beatriz S. Marimon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marimon Junior, Ben H" sort="Marimon Junior, Ben H" uniqKey="Marimon Junior B" first="Ben H" last="Marimon-Junior">Ben H. Marimon-Junior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Casimiro" sort="Mendoza, Casimiro" uniqKey="Mendoza C" first="Casimiro" last="Mendoza">Casimiro Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morandi, Paulo" sort="Morandi, Paulo" uniqKey="Morandi P" first="Paulo" last="Morandi">Paulo Morandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neill, David A" sort="Neill, David A" uniqKey="Neill D" first="David A" last="Neill">David A. Neill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vargas, Percy Nu Ez" sort="Vargas, Percy Nu Ez" uniqKey="Vargas P" first="Percy Nú Ez" last="Vargas">Percy Nú Ez Vargas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Edmar A" sort="Oliveira, Edmar A" uniqKey="Oliveira E" first="Edmar A" last="Oliveira">Edmar A. Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenza, Eddie" sort="Lenza, Eddie" uniqKey="Lenza E" first="Eddie" last="Lenza">Eddie Lenza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palacios, Walter A" sort="Palacios, Walter A" uniqKey="Palacios W" first="Walter A" last="Palacios">Walter A. Palacios</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe Uela Mora, Maria C" sort="Pe Uela Mora, Maria C" uniqKey="Pe Uela Mora M" first="Maria C" last="Pe Uela-Mora">Maria C. Pe Uela-Mora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pipoly, John J" sort="Pipoly, John J" uniqKey="Pipoly J" first="John J" last="Pipoly">John J. Pipoly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitman, Nigel C A" sort="Pitman, Nigel C A" uniqKey="Pitman N" first="Nigel C A" last="Pitman">Nigel C A. Pitman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prieto, Adriana" sort="Prieto, Adriana" uniqKey="Prieto A" first="Adriana" last="Prieto">Adriana Prieto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quesada, Carlos A" sort="Quesada, Carlos A" uniqKey="Quesada C" first="Carlos A" last="Quesada">Carlos A. Quesada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez Angulo, Hirma" sort="Ramirez Angulo, Hirma" uniqKey="Ramirez Angulo H" first="Hirma" last="Ramirez-Angulo">Hirma Ramirez-Angulo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudas, Agustin" sort="Rudas, Agustin" uniqKey="Rudas A" first="Agustin" last="Rudas">Agustin Rudas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokolainen, Kalle" sort="Ruokolainen, Kalle" uniqKey="Ruokolainen K" first="Kalle" last="Ruokolainen">Kalle Ruokolainen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomao, Rafael P" sort="Salomao, Rafael P" uniqKey="Salomao R" first="Rafael P" last="Salomão">Rafael P. 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Van Der Heijden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Peter J" sort="Van Der Meer, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Meer P" first="Peter J" last="Van Der Meer">Peter J. Van Der Meer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rodolfo V" sort="Vasquez, Rodolfo V" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="Rodolfo V" last="Vasquez">Rodolfo V. 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Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilanova, Emilio" sort="Vilanova, Emilio" uniqKey="Vilanova E" first="Emilio" last="Vilanova">Emilio Vilanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Vincent A" sort="Vos, Vincent A" uniqKey="Vos V" first="Vincent A" last="Vos">Vincent A. Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado - regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ophelia" sort="Wang, Ophelia" uniqKey="Wang O" first="Ophelia" last="Wang">Ophelia Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Kenneth R" sort="Young, Kenneth R" uniqKey="Young K" first="Kenneth R" last="Young">Kenneth R. Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zagt, Roderick J" sort="Zagt, Roderick J" uniqKey="Zagt R" first="Roderick J" last="Zagt">Roderick J. Zagt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Timothy R" sort="Baker, Timothy R" uniqKey="Baker T" first="Timothy R" last="Baker">Timothy R. Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27974517</idno><idno type="pmid">27974517</idno><idno type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2016.1587</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001485</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001485</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001463</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001463</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.</title><author><name sortKey="Coelho De Souza, Fernanda" sort="Coelho De Souza, Fernanda" uniqKey="Coelho De Souza F" first="Fernanda" last="Coelho De Souza">Fernanda Coelho De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK fecoelhos@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dexter, Kyle G" sort="Dexter, Kyle G" uniqKey="Dexter K" first="Kyle G" last="Dexter">Kyle G. Dexter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Oliver L" sort="Phillips, Oliver L" uniqKey="Phillips O" first="Oliver L" last="Phillips">Oliver L. Phillips</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brienen, Roel J W" sort="Brienen, Roel J W" uniqKey="Brienen R" first="Roel J W" last="Brienen">Roel J W. Brienen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chave, Jerome" sort="Chave, Jerome" uniqKey="Chave J" first="Jerome" last="Chave">Jerome Chave</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, Toulouse 31062, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, Toulouse 31062</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galbraith, David R" sort="Galbraith, David R" uniqKey="Galbraith D" first="David R" last="Galbraith">David R. Galbraith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela" sort="Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela" uniqKey="Lopez Gonzalez G" first="Gabriela" last="Lopez Gonzalez">Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel" sort="Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel" uniqKey="Monteagudo Mendoza A" first="Abel" last="Monteagudo Mendoza">Abel Monteagudo Mendoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pennington, R Toby" sort="Pennington, R Toby" uniqKey="Pennington R" first="R Toby" last="Pennington">R Toby Pennington</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poorter, Lourens" sort="Poorter, Lourens" uniqKey="Poorter L" first="Lourens" last="Poorter">Lourens Poorter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexiades, Miguel" sort="Alexiades, Miguel" uniqKey="Alexiades M" first="Miguel" last="Alexiades">Miguel Alexiades</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Davila, Esteban" sort="Alvarez Davila, Esteban" uniqKey="Alvarez Davila E" first="Esteban" last="Álvarez-Dávila">Esteban Álvarez-Dávila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fundación Con Vida, Medellin Cra 48: 20-114, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Fundación Con Vida, Medellin Cra 48: 20-114</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade, Ana" sort="Andrade, Ana" uniqKey="Andrade A" first="Ana" last="Andrade">Ana Andrade</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aragao, Luis E O C" sort="Aragao, Luis E O C" uniqKey="Aragao L" first="Luis E O C" last="Aragão">Luis E O C. Aragão</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo Murakami, Alejandro" sort="Araujo Murakami, Alejandro" uniqKey="Araujo Murakami A" first="Alejandro" last="Araujo-Murakami">Alejandro Araujo-Murakami</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arets, Eric J M M" sort="Arets, Eric J M M" uniqKey="Arets E" first="Eric J M M" last="Arets">Eric J M M. Arets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aymard C, Gerardo A" sort="Aymard C, Gerardo A" uniqKey="Aymard C G" first="Gerardo A" last="Aymard C">Gerardo A. Aymard C</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baraloto, Christopher" sort="Baraloto, Christopher" uniqKey="Baraloto C" first="Christopher" last="Baraloto">Christopher Baraloto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso, Jorcely G" sort="Barroso, Jorcely G" uniqKey="Barroso J" first="Jorcely G" last="Barroso">Jorcely G. Barroso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonal, Damien" sort="Bonal, Damien" uniqKey="Bonal D" first="Damien" last="Bonal">Damien Bonal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boot, Rene G A" sort="Boot, Rene G A" uniqKey="Boot R" first="Rene G A" last="Boot">Rene G A. Boot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Jose L C" sort="Camargo, Jose L C" uniqKey="Camargo J" first="José L C" last="Camargo">José L C. Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comiskey, James A" sort="Comiskey, James A" uniqKey="Comiskey J" first="James A" last="Comiskey">James A. Comiskey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valverde, Fernando Cornejo" sort="Valverde, Fernando Cornejo" uniqKey="Valverde F" first="Fernando Cornejo" last="Valverde">Fernando Cornejo Valverde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Proyecto Castaña, Madre de Dios, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Proyecto Castaña, Madre de Dios</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Camargo, Plinio B" sort="De Camargo, Plinio B" uniqKey="De Camargo P" first="Plínio B" last="De Camargo">Plínio B. De Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Fiore, Anthony" sort="Di Fiore, Anthony" uniqKey="Di Fiore A" first="Anthony" last="Di Fiore">Anthony Di Fiore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elias, Fernando" sort="Elias, Fernando" uniqKey="Elias F" first="Fernando" last="Elias">Fernando Elias</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erwin, Terry L" sort="Erwin, Terry L" uniqKey="Erwin T" first="Terry L" last="Erwin">Terry L. Erwin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feldpausch, Ted R" sort="Feldpausch, Ted R" uniqKey="Feldpausch T" first="Ted R" last="Feldpausch">Ted R. Feldpausch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Leandro" sort="Ferreira, Leandro" uniqKey="Ferreira L" first="Leandro" last="Ferreira">Leandro Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyllas, Nikolaos M" sort="Fyllas, Nikolaos M" uniqKey="Fyllas N" first="Nikolaos M" last="Fyllas">Nikolaos M. Fyllas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloor, Emanuel" sort="Gloor, Emanuel" uniqKey="Gloor E" first="Emanuel" last="Gloor">Emanuel Gloor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herault, Bruno" sort="Herault, Bruno" uniqKey="Herault B" first="Bruno" last="Herault">Bruno Herault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, Rafael" sort="Herrera, Rafael" uniqKey="Herrera R" first="Rafael" last="Herrera">Rafael Herrera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higuchi, Niro" sort="Higuchi, Niro" uniqKey="Higuchi N" first="Niro" last="Higuchi">Niro Higuchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honorio Coronado, Euridice N" sort="Honorio Coronado, Euridice N" uniqKey="Honorio Coronado E" first="Eurídice N" last="Honorio Coronado">Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Apartado 784, Iquitos, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Apartado 784, Iquitos</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Killeen, Timothy J" sort="Killeen, Timothy J" uniqKey="Killeen T" first="Timothy J" last="Killeen">Timothy J. Killeen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AGTECA - Amazónica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laurance, William F" sort="Laurance, William F" uniqKey="Laurance W" first="William F" last="Laurance">William F. Laurance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laurance, Susan" sort="Laurance, Susan" uniqKey="Laurance S" first="Susan" last="Laurance">Susan Laurance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd, Jon" sort="Lloyd, Jon" uniqKey="Lloyd J" first="Jon" last="Lloyd">Jon Lloyd</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lovejoy, Thomas E" sort="Lovejoy, Thomas E" uniqKey="Lovejoy T" first="Thomas E" last="Lovejoy">Thomas E. Lovejoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malhi, Yadvinder" sort="Malhi, Yadvinder" uniqKey="Malhi Y" first="Yadvinder" last="Malhi">Yadvinder Malhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maracahipes, Leandro" sort="Maracahipes, Leandro" uniqKey="Maracahipes L" first="Leandro" last="Maracahipes">Leandro Maracahipes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marimon, Beatriz S" sort="Marimon, Beatriz S" uniqKey="Marimon B" first="Beatriz S" last="Marimon">Beatriz S. Marimon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marimon Junior, Ben H" sort="Marimon Junior, Ben H" uniqKey="Marimon Junior B" first="Ben H" last="Marimon-Junior">Ben H. Marimon-Junior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Casimiro" sort="Mendoza, Casimiro" uniqKey="Mendoza C" first="Casimiro" last="Mendoza">Casimiro Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morandi, Paulo" sort="Morandi, Paulo" uniqKey="Morandi P" first="Paulo" last="Morandi">Paulo Morandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neill, David A" sort="Neill, David A" uniqKey="Neill D" first="David A" last="Neill">David A. Neill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vargas, Percy Nu Ez" sort="Vargas, Percy Nu Ez" uniqKey="Vargas P" first="Percy Nú Ez" last="Vargas">Percy Nú Ez Vargas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Edmar A" sort="Oliveira, Edmar A" uniqKey="Oliveira E" first="Edmar A" last="Oliveira">Edmar A. Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenza, Eddie" sort="Lenza, Eddie" uniqKey="Lenza E" first="Eddie" last="Lenza">Eddie Lenza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palacios, Walter A" sort="Palacios, Walter A" uniqKey="Palacios W" first="Walter A" last="Palacios">Walter A. Palacios</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe Uela Mora, Maria C" sort="Pe Uela Mora, Maria C" uniqKey="Pe Uela Mora M" first="Maria C" last="Pe Uela-Mora">Maria C. Pe Uela-Mora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pipoly, John J" sort="Pipoly, John J" uniqKey="Pipoly J" first="John J" last="Pipoly">John J. Pipoly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitman, Nigel C A" sort="Pitman, Nigel C A" uniqKey="Pitman N" first="Nigel C A" last="Pitman">Nigel C A. Pitman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prieto, Adriana" sort="Prieto, Adriana" uniqKey="Prieto A" first="Adriana" last="Prieto">Adriana Prieto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quesada, Carlos A" sort="Quesada, Carlos A" uniqKey="Quesada C" first="Carlos A" last="Quesada">Carlos A. Quesada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez Angulo, Hirma" sort="Ramirez Angulo, Hirma" uniqKey="Ramirez Angulo H" first="Hirma" last="Ramirez-Angulo">Hirma Ramirez-Angulo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudas, Agustin" sort="Rudas, Agustin" uniqKey="Rudas A" first="Agustin" last="Rudas">Agustin Rudas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruokolainen, Kalle" sort="Ruokolainen, Kalle" uniqKey="Ruokolainen K" first="Kalle" last="Ruokolainen">Kalle Ruokolainen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salomao, Rafael P" sort="Salomao, Rafael P" uniqKey="Salomao R" first="Rafael P" last="Salomão">Rafael P. Salomão</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silveira, Marcos" sort="Silveira, Marcos" uniqKey="Silveira M" first="Marcos" last="Silveira">Marcos Silveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69910-900, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69910-900</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stropp, Juliana" sort="Stropp, Juliana" uniqKey="Stropp J" first="Juliana" last="Stropp">Juliana Stropp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ter Steege, Hans" sort="Ter Steege, Hans" uniqKey="Ter Steege H" first="Hans" last="Ter Steege">Hans Ter Steege</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, Postbus 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, Postbus 9517, Leiden 2300 RA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas Caesar, Raquel" sort="Thomas Caesar, Raquel" uniqKey="Thomas Caesar R" first="Raquel" last="Thomas-Caesar">Raquel Thomas-Caesar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Iwokrama Intertiol Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Guyana</country><wicri:regionArea>Iwokrama Intertiol Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Hout, Peter" sort="Van Der Hout, Peter" uniqKey="Van Der Hout P" first="Peter" last="Van Der Hout">Peter Van Der Hout</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, Rotterdam 3078 HP, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, Rotterdam 3078 HP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Heijden, Geertje M F" sort="Van Der Heijden, Geertje M F" uniqKey="Van Der Heijden G" first="Geertje M F" last="Van Der Heijden">Geertje M F. Van Der Heijden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Peter J" sort="Van Der Meer, Peter J" uniqKey="Van Der Meer P" first="Peter J" last="Van Der Meer">Peter J. Van Der Meer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rodolfo V" sort="Vasquez, Rodolfo V" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="Rodolfo V" last="Vasquez">Rodolfo V. Vasquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vieira, Simone A" sort="Vieira, Simone A" uniqKey="Vieira S" first="Simone A" last="Vieira">Simone A. Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilanova, Emilio" sort="Vilanova, Emilio" uniqKey="Vilanova E" first="Emilio" last="Vilanova">Emilio Vilanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Vincent A" sort="Vos, Vincent A" uniqKey="Vos V" first="Vincent A" last="Vos">Vincent A. Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado - regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ophelia" sort="Wang, Ophelia" uniqKey="Wang O" first="Ophelia" last="Wang">Ophelia Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Kenneth R" sort="Young, Kenneth R" uniqKey="Young K" first="Kenneth R" last="Young">Kenneth R. Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zagt, Roderick J" sort="Zagt, Roderick J" uniqKey="Zagt R" first="Roderick J" last="Zagt">Roderick J. Zagt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Timothy R" sort="Baker, Timothy R" uniqKey="Baker T" first="Timothy R" last="Baker">Timothy R. Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings. Biological sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27974517</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2954</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>283</Volume><Issue>1844</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>14</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings. Biological sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Biol. Sci.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">20161587</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2016 The Authors.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coelho de Souza</LastName><ForeName>Fernanda</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK fecoelhos@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dexter</LastName><ForeName>Kyle G</ForeName><Initials>KG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Phillips</LastName><ForeName>Oliver L</ForeName><Initials>OL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brienen</LastName><ForeName>Roel J W</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chave</LastName><ForeName>Jerome</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, Toulouse 31062, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galbraith</LastName><ForeName>David R</ForeName><Initials>DR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez Gonzalez</LastName><ForeName>Gabriela</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Monteagudo Mendoza</LastName><ForeName>Abel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pennington</LastName><ForeName>R Toby</ForeName><Initials>RT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poorter</LastName><ForeName>Lourens</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alexiades</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Álvarez-Dávila</LastName><ForeName>Esteban</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fundación Con Vida, Medellin Cra 48: 20-114, Colombia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andrade</LastName><ForeName>Ana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aragão</LastName><ForeName>Luis E O C</ForeName><Initials>LE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Araujo-Murakami</LastName><ForeName>Alejandro</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arets</LastName><ForeName>Eric J M M</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aymard C</LastName><ForeName>Gerardo A</ForeName><Initials>GA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baraloto</LastName><ForeName>Christopher</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barroso</LastName><ForeName>Jorcely G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonal</LastName><ForeName>Damien</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boot</LastName><ForeName>Rene G A</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camargo</LastName><ForeName>José L C</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Comiskey</LastName><ForeName>James A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, 1100 Jefferson Dr, SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Valverde</LastName><ForeName>Fernando Cornejo</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Proyecto Castaña, Madre de Dios, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Camargo</LastName><ForeName>Plínio B</ForeName><Initials>PB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Fiore</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elias</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-1733</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Erwin</LastName><ForeName>Terry L</ForeName><Initials>TL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feldpausch</LastName><ForeName>Ted R</ForeName><Initials>TR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferreira</LastName><ForeName>Leandro</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fyllas</LastName><ForeName>Nikolaos M</ForeName><Initials>NM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gloor</LastName><ForeName>Emanuel</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herault</LastName><ForeName>Bruno</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herrera</LastName><ForeName>Rafael</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Higuchi</LastName><ForeName>Niro</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INPA, Av. 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